What is an Athlete's Foot? And when to see a Doctor for it?

What is an Athlete's Foot?

It is also known as tinea pedis, which is a fungal skin infection found between the toes. The name tinea pedis gives a clue to its cause — 'tinea' refers to dermatophytes (a fungus also responsible for jock itch and ringworm), while 'pedis' means feet.

It's commonly associated with very sweaty foot conditions, often found in athlete's training shoes. In some cases, tinea pedis can be caused by another type of fungus — candida — though this is rarer. 

Because the dermatophytes feed on keratin, they thrive in warm, moist environments around the feet. Athlete's foot is mildly contagious, being spread through spores left on towels, shoes, or floors. Walking barefoot, therefore, increases your risk of infection, especially in high-footfall environments (e.g., swimming pools or locker rooms).

People with impaired immune systems or diabetes are also at a greater risk of infection. Such people should take greater precautions to protect their feet in risky environments. 

Signs and Symptoms of Athlete's Foot

This skin infection can be found on either foot or both. Symptoms commonly include:

  • Itchy blisters on your feet

  • Itching, stinging, or burning between your toes or on the soles of your feet.

  • Inflamed skin (often with a reddish, purplish, or grayish coloring)

  • Dry, scaly skin extending up from the bottom of the foot

  • Discolored, thick, or crumbly toenails

  • Loose toenails

  • Cracked or peeling skin (between the toes and on your soles)

It is extremely common. It's estimated to affect 3% to 15% of the population — and 70% of people will get it at some point.

 
 

When to see a Doctor for Athlete’s Foot

If you notice a prolonged rash on your feet — that does not improve within two weeks despite treatment using an over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medication — book an appointment with a foot doctor. They'll be able to diagnose the problem and provide a higher-strength treatment.

Symptoms of pus, fever, or swelling of the affected area mean the infection is progressing — see a doctor immediately.

In addition, anyone with diabetes or a weakened immune system should always see a doctor if they are experiencing these symptoms. Such individuals are at greater risk of progression and will find it harder to eliminate the fungus using OTC medications.

 

Diagnosing & Understanding What is Athlete's Foot

A foot doctor will inspect your feet and take a relevant history of the condition. Alternative diagnoses include dermatitis. As such, your doctor may take some skin scrapings for testing. 

The most common test for it is the 'skin lesion potassium hydroxide exam'. Your doctor will place the skin scrapings in the potassium hydroxide solution. It will destroy your skin cells, leaving the fungi unaffected, meaning it will be visible under a microscope.

Athlete's Foot Treatment

Most cases of this skin infection respond to OTC treatments. These are topical antifungal medications, such as:

  • Miconazole (Desenex)

  • Clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)

  • Tolnaftate (Tinactin)

  • Butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra)

  • Terbinafine (Lamisil AT)

In cases where the infection does not respond, a foot doctor can prescribe a stronger topical or oral antifungal medication. Oral antifungal medications include itraconazole (Sporanox), fluconazole (Diflucan), and terbinafine (Lamisil). 

Furthermore, topical steroid medications may also be prescribed to relieve painful inflammation. Some home remedies, such as tea tree oil or soaking your feet in saltwater, can also be effective — the latter works to help dry up any blisters.

 

Prevention

To avoid spreading or catching the infection, follow these tips and consult a doctor for the athlete's foot.

  • Wash your feet. Cleaning your feet daily using warm, soapy water is a simple yet effective solution. Ensure your feet are dried afterward.

  • Air out your feet. Because dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist conditions, letting your feet air as much as possible will prevent most cases of athlete's foot.

  • Use a medicated foot powder. Your athlete's foot doctor may advise you to use medicated foot powders if you're prone to skin infections. 

  • Alternate socks. Changing your socks at least once a day is critical. You can also buy moisture-wicking socks to help keep your feet dry.

  • Wear sandals. In public pools, locker rooms, or showers, wearing sandals will protect your feet from infection.

  • Change shoes. Let your shoes and feet dry by swapping shoes throughout the day.